1/19/2024 0 Comments Dog paw pad callusThe dog was emaciated and found standing for any length of time difficult FIGURE (3) Uncomplicated decubital ulcer on the sternum of a young emaciated crossbreed dog.Dogs rely on their paws for everything from walking and running to scratching an itch. Compliance was generally good but during a chance home visit, it was noticed that the dog would lie in the sun on the metal fire escape on hot days FIGURE (2) Elbow callus pyoderma in a young Labrador-cross dog. The problem waxed and waned over several years, being much worse during hot weather. The lesion was pruritic, and steroids had been erroneously given in the past. There is peripheral inflammation and a bead of pus can be seen ventrally. FIGURE (1) Elbow callus pyoderma in an elderly Great Dane. Very good communication with the owner is necessary and these cases could benefit from a home visit to check that environmental factors are as controlled as possible. The main difficulty is ensuring that the dog does not seek out hard surfaces to lie on and/or when the dog does not tolerate dressings. Surgical intervention is not recommended as the common sequel of wound breakdown will intensify the problem.Bedding and protective dressing as for callus.This may continue as a regular preventive treatment once the deep pyoderma is under control Topical therapy with chlorhexidine/miconazole in addition to systemic therapy.Deep pyoderma will require long-term systemic antibacterial agents based on culture and sensitivity with cytological follow-up as owners’ assessments may be unreliable.Typically there is epidermal hyperplasia, orthokeratotic/parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with follicular keratosis and dilated follicular cysts. Histopathological examination is rarely required and is best performed after control of bacterial infection. Suitable techniques include impression smears and tape strips. Assess for keratin debris (free hair shafts) and the presence of a purulent or pyogranulomatous inflammation with the presence of bacteria. Cytological examination should be performed. DiagnosisĪ full history and physical examination should be undertaken. The same underlying causes for callus will need investigation. The differential diagnosis in callus pyoderma includes: This increases the likelihood and severity of deep pyoderma. In addition, and complicating matters, individual hair follicles may become impacted in the dermis, setting up a foreign body reaction. In these cases, ulceration, fistulation and exudative discharges may occur, including the development of a deep pyoderma ( Figures 1 and 2). In cases that are not managed effectively, and particularly when compliance is poor, secondary infection is common. Compliance can, however, be difficult to attain, either with the dog or owner or with both. Provided that the underlying factors are dealt with and the dog will lie on soft bedding and/or tolerate supportive dressings, the outlook for a simple case of callus is fair to good. It is important to identify and deal with underlying factors. Soft bedding should be provided and protective dressings can be considered. In mild cases, observation alone should be sufficient. Orthopaedic problems causing pain enforcing constant rest.Dog continually favours a hard surface to lie on. In an uncomplicated case, the diagnosis is made on the history and physical examination, with a consideration of underlying causes. In these breeds, callus is most likely to occur on the elbow or hocks.Ĭallus may occur on the sternum in smaller breeds, such as: The elbow is the commonest site followed by the hocks and, in those dogs with deep chests, the sternum (Miller et al., 2013).The problem is most often seen in giant breeds of dogs, including: Great Dane, St Bernard, Newfoundland and Irish Wolfhound. It is a round to oval hyperkeratotic plaque that develops in sites overlying bony pressure points. CallusĬallus is described as a localised hyperplastic skin reaction caused by pressure or friction (Hnilica and Patterson, 2017). However, in cases with poor compliance, secondary infection (callus pyoderma) is common. Typically seen in giant breeds of dog, callus can be a simple condition to diagnose and manage.
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